[PM-23189] Add ClientManagedTokens trait

[Hinton]

🎟️ Tracking

https://bitwarden.atlassian.net/browse/PM-23189

📔 Objective

Adds support for client managed access tokens alongside SDK managed access tokens.

It does so by splitting Tokens into SdkManaged and ClientManaged. ClientManaged relies on the consumer implementing a trait with get_access_token function.

In WASM this is exposed as a TokenProvider interface which can be implemented in TS clients using:

class JsTokenProvider implements TokenProvider {
  constructor(private apiService: ApiService) {}

  async get_access_token(): Promise<string> {
    return await this.apiService.getActiveBearerToken();
  }
}

⏰ Reminders before review

• Contributor guidelines followed
• All formatters and local linters executed and passed
• Written new unit and / or integration tests where applicable
• Protected functional changes with optionality (feature flags)
• Used internationalization (i18n) for all UI strings
• CI builds passed
• Communicated to DevOps any deployment requirements
• Updated any necessary documentation (Confluence, contributing docs) or informed the documentation
  team

🦮 Reviewer guidelines

• 👍 (:+1:) or similar for great changes
• 📝 (:memo:) or ℹ️ (:information_source:) for notes or general info
• ❓ (:question:) for questions
• 🤔 (:thinking:) or 💭 (:thought_balloon:) for more open inquiry that's not quite a confirmed
  issue and could potentially benefit from discussion
• 🎨 (:art:) for suggestions / improvements
• ❌ (:x:) or ⚠️ (:warning:) for more significant problems or concerns needing attention
• 🌱 (:seedling:) or ♻️ (:recycle:) for future improvements or indications of technical debt
• ⛏ (:pick:) for minor or nitpick changes

[github-actions]

Checkmarx One – Scan Summary & Details – 609d53f5-c42c-402f-bb5a-c0b1d0f3f756

Great job, no security vulnerabilities found in this Pull Request

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 33.33333% with 40 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 71.62%. Comparing base (4e60721) to head (5c67cd4).
Report is 3 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
crates/bitwarden-core/src/auth/renew.rs	28.57%	15 Missing ⚠️
...arden-wasm-internal/src/platform/token_provider.rs	0.00%	12 Missing ⚠️
crates/bitwarden-core/src/client/client.rs	45.45%	6 Missing ⚠️
...es/bitwarden-core/src/platform/get_user_api_key.rs	0.00%	4 Missing ⚠️
crates/bitwarden-wasm-internal/src/client.rs	0.00%	3 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #337      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   71.70%   71.62%   -0.08%     
==========================================
  Files         238      239       +1     
  Lines       19317    19346      +29     
==========================================
+ Hits        13851    13857       +6     
- Misses       5466     5489      +23     

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[sonarqubecloud]

Quality Gate passed

Issues
1 New issue
0 Accepted issues

Measures
0 Security Hotspots
0.0% Coverage on New Code
0.0% Duplication on New Code

See analysis details on SonarQube Cloud

[dani-garcia]

LGTM