ES|QL support

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+## 4.23.0
+  - ES|QL support [#235](https://github.com/logstash-plugins/logstash-input-elasticsearch/pull/235)
+
 ## 4.22.0
   - Add "cursor"-like index tracking [#205](https://github.com/logstash-plugins/logstash-input-elasticsearch/pull/205)
 

docs/index.asciidoc

@@ -230,6 +230,110 @@ The next scheduled run:
 * uses {ref}/point-in-time-api.html#point-in-time-api[Point in time (PIT)] + {ref}/paginate-search-results.html#search-after[Search after] to paginate through all the data, and
 * updates the value of the field at the end of the pagination.
 
+[id="plugins-{type}s-{plugin}-esql"]
+==== {esql} support
+
+.Technical Preview
+****
+The {esql} feature that allows using ES|QL queries with this plugin is in Technical Preview.
+Configuration options and implementation details are subject to change in minor releases without being preceded by deprecation warnings.
+****
+
+{es} Query Language ({esql}) provides a SQL-like interface for querying your {es} data.
+
+To use {esql}, this plugin needs to be installed in {ls} 8.17.4 or newer, and must be connected to {es} 8.11 or newer.
+
+To configure {esql} query in the plugin, set the `query_type` to `esql` and provide your {esql} query in the `query` parameter.
+
+IMPORTANT: {esql} is evolving and may still have limitations with regard to result size or supported field types. We recommend understanding https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/esql-limitations.html[ES|QL current limitations] before using it in production environments.
+
+The following is a basic scheduled {esql} query that runs hourly:
+[source, ruby]
+    input {
+      elasticsearch {
+        id => hourly_cron_job
+        hosts => [ 'https://..']
+        api_key => '....'
+        query_type => 'esql'
+        query => '
+          FROM food-index
+            | WHERE spicy_level = "hot" AND @timestamp > NOW() - 1 hour
+            | LIMIT 500
+        '
+        schedule => '0 * * * *' # every hour at min 0
+      }
+    }
+
+Set `config.support_escapes: true` in `logstash.yml` if you need to escape special chars in the query.
+
+NOTE: With {esql} query, {ls} doesn't generate `event.original`.
+
+[id="plugins-{type}s-{plugin}-esql-event-mapping"]
+===== Mapping {esql} result to {ls} event
+{esql} returns query results in a structured tabular format, where data is organized into _columns_ (fields) and _values_ (entries).
+The plugin maps each value entry to an event, populating corresponding fields.
+For example, a query might produce a table like:
+
+[cols="2,1,1,1,2",options="header"]
+|===
+|`timestamp` |`user_id` | `action` | `status.code` | `status.desc`
+
+|2025-04-10T12:00:00 |123 |login |200 | Success
+|2025-04-10T12:05:00 |456 |purchase |403 | Forbidden (unauthorized user)
+|===
+
+For this case, the plugin emits two events look like
+[source, json]
+[
+  {
+    "timestamp": "2025-04-10T12:00:00",
+    "user_id": 123,
+    "action": "login",
+    "status": {
+        "code": 200,
+        "desc": "Success"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "timestamp": "2025-04-10T12:05:00",
+    "user_id": 456,
+    "action": "purchase",
+    "status": {
+        "code": 403,
+        "desc": "Forbidden (unauthorized user)"
+    }
+  }
+]
+
+NOTE: If your index has a mapping with sub-objects where `status.code` and `status.desc` actually dotted fields, they appear in {ls} events as a nested structure.
+
+[id="plugins-{type}s-{plugin}-esql-multifields"]
+===== Conflict on multi-fields
+
+{esql} query fetches all parent and sub-fields fields if your {es} index has https://www.elastic.co/docs/reference/elasticsearch/mapping-reference/multi-fields[multi-fields] or https://www.elastic.co/docs/reference/elasticsearch/mapping-reference/subobjects[subobjects].
+Since {ls} events cannot contain parent field's concrete value and sub-field values together, the plugin ignores sub-fields with warning and includes parent.
+We recommend using the `RENAME` (or `DROP` to avoid warnings) keyword in your {esql} query explicitly rename the fields to include sub-fields into the event.
+
+This a common occurrence if your template or mapping follows the pattern of always indexing strings as "text" (`field`) + " keyword" (`field.keyword`) multi-field.
+In this case it's recommended to do `KEEP field` if the string is identical and there is only one subfield as the engine will optimize and retrieve the keyword, otherwise you can do `KEEP field.keyword | RENAME field.keyword as field`.
+
+To illustrate the situation with example, assuming your mapping has a time `time` field with `time.min` and `time.max` sub-fields as following:
+[source, ruby]
+    "properties": {
+        "time": { "type": "long" },
+        "time.min": { "type": "long" },
+        "time.max": { "type": "long" }
+    }
+
+The {esql} result will contain all three fields but the plugin cannot map them into {ls} event.
+To avoid this, you can use the `RENAME` keyword to rename the `time` parent field to get all three fields with unique fields.
+[source, ruby]
+    ...
+    query => 'FROM my-index | RENAME time AS time.current'
+    ...
+
+For comprehensive {esql} syntax reference and best practices, see the https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/esql-syntax.html[{esql} documentation].
+
 [id="plugins-{type}s-{plugin}-options"]
 ==== Elasticsearch Input configuration options
 
@@ -254,6 +358,7 @@ This plugin supports the following configuration options plus the <<plugins-{typ
 | <<plugins-{type}s-{plugin}-password>> |<<password,password>>|No
 | <<plugins-{type}s-{plugin}-proxy>> |<<uri,uri>>|No
 | <<plugins-{type}s-{plugin}-query>> |<<string,string>>|No
+| <<plugins-{type}s-{plugin}-query_type>> |<<string,string>>, one of `["dsl","esql"]`|No
 | <<plugins-{type}s-{plugin}-response_type>> |<<string,string>>, one of `["hits","aggregations"]`|No
 | <<plugins-{type}s-{plugin}-request_timeout_seconds>> | <<number,number>>|No
 | <<plugins-{type}s-{plugin}-schedule>> |<<string,string>>|No
@@ -495,22 +600,35 @@ environment variables e.g. `proxy => '${LS_PROXY:}'`.
   * Value type is <<string,string>>
   * Default value is `'{ "sort": [ "_doc" ] }'`
 
-The query to be executed. Read the {ref}/query-dsl.html[Elasticsearch query DSL
-documentation] for more information.
+The query to be executed.
+Accepted query shape is DSL or {esql} (when `query_type => 'esql'`).
+Read the {ref}/query-dsl.html[{es} query DSL documentation] or {ref}/esql.html[{esql} documentation] for more information.
 
 When <<plugins-{type}s-{plugin}-search_api>> resolves to `search_after` and the query does not specify `sort`,
 the default sort `'{ "sort": { "_shard_doc": "asc" } }'` will be added to the query. Please refer to the {ref}/paginate-search-results.html#search-after[Elasticsearch search_after] parameter to know more.
 
+[id="plugins-{type}s-{plugin}-query_type"]
+===== `query_type`
+
+* Value can be `dsl` or `esql`
+* Default value is `dsl`
+
+Defines the <<plugins-{type}s-{plugin}-query>> shape.
+When `dsl`, the query shape must be valid {es} JSON-style string.
+When `esql`, the query shape must be a valid {esql} string and `index`, `size`, `slices`, `search_api`, `docinfo`, `docinfo_target`, `docinfo_fields`, `response_type` and `tracking_field` parameters are not allowed.
+
 [id="plugins-{type}s-{plugin}-response_type"]
 ===== `response_type`
 
-  * Value can be any of: `hits`, `aggregations`
+  * Value can be any of: `hits`, `aggregations`, `esql`
   * Default value is `hits`
 
 Which part of the result to transform into Logstash events when processing the
 response from the query.
+
 The default `hits` will generate one event per returned document (i.e. "hit").
-When set to `aggregations`, a single Logstash event will be generated with the
+
+When set to `aggregations`, a single {ls} event will be generated with the
 contents of the `aggregations` object of the query's response. In this case the
 `hits` object will be ignored. The parameter `size` will be always be set to
 0 regardless of the default or user-defined value set in this plugin.

lib/logstash/inputs/elasticsearch.rb

@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ class LogStash::Inputs::Elasticsearch < LogStash::Inputs::Base
   require 'logstash/inputs/elasticsearch/paginated_search'
   require 'logstash/inputs/elasticsearch/aggregation'
   require 'logstash/inputs/elasticsearch/cursor_tracker'
+  require 'logstash/inputs/elasticsearch/esql'
 
   include LogStash::PluginMixins::ECSCompatibilitySupport(:disabled, :v1, :v8 => :v1)
   include LogStash::PluginMixins::ECSCompatibilitySupport::TargetCheck
@@ -96,15 +97,21 @@ class LogStash::Inputs::Elasticsearch < LogStash::Inputs::Base
   # The index or alias to search.
   config :index, :validate => :string, :default => "logstash-*"
 
-  # The query to be executed. Read the Elasticsearch query DSL documentation
-  # for more info
-  # https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/query-dsl.html
+  # A type of Elasticsearch query, provided by @query. This will validate query shape and other params.
+  config :query_type, :validate => %w[dsl esql], :default => 'dsl'
+
+  # The query to be executed. DSL or ES|QL (when `query_type => 'esql'`) query shape is accepted.
+  # Read the following documentations for more info
+  # Query DSL: https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/query-dsl.html
+  # ES|QL: https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/esql.html
   config :query, :validate => :string, :default => '{ "sort": [ "_doc" ] }'
 
-  # This allows you to speccify the response type: either hits or aggregations
-  # where hits: normal search request
-  #       aggregations: aggregation request
-  config :response_type, :validate => ['hits', 'aggregations'], :default => 'hits'
+  # This allows you to specify the DSL response type: one of [hits, aggregations]
+  # where
+  #   hits: normal search request
+  #   aggregations: aggregation request
+  # Note that this param is invalid when `query_type => 'esql'`, ES|QL response shape is always a tabular format
+  config :response_type, :validate => %w[hits aggregations], :default => 'hits'
 
   # This allows you to set the maximum number of hits returned per scroll.
   config :size, :validate => :number, :default => 1000
@@ -293,6 +300,9 @@ class LogStash::Inputs::Elasticsearch < LogStash::Inputs::Base
   DEFAULT_EAV_HEADER = { "Elastic-Api-Version" => "2023-10-31" }.freeze
   INTERNAL_ORIGIN_HEADER = { 'x-elastic-product-origin' => 'logstash-input-elasticsearch'}.freeze
 
+  LS_ESQL_SUPPORT_VERSION = "8.17.4" # the version started using elasticsearch-ruby v8
+  ES_ESQL_SUPPORT_VERSION = "8.11.0"
+
   def initialize(params={})
     super(params)
 
@@ -309,10 +319,17 @@ def register
     fill_hosts_from_cloud_id
     setup_ssl_params!
 
-    @base_query = LogStash::Json.load(@query)
-    if @slices
-      @base_query.include?('slice') && fail(LogStash::ConfigurationError, "Elasticsearch Input Plugin's `query` option cannot specify specific `slice` when configured to manage parallel slices with `slices` option")
-      @slices < 1 && fail(LogStash::ConfigurationError, "Elasticsearch Input Plugin's `slices` option must be greater than zero, got `#{@slices}`")
+    if @query_type == 'esql'
+      validate_ls_version_for_esql_support!
+      validate_esql_query!
+      not_allowed_options = original_params.keys & %w(index size slices search_api docinfo docinfo_target docinfo_fields response_type tracking_field)
+      raise(LogStash::ConfigurationError, "Configured #{not_allowed_options} params are not allowed while using ES|QL query") if not_allowed_options&.size > 1
+    else
+      @base_query = LogStash::Json.load(@query)
+      if @slices
+        @base_query.include?('slice') && fail(LogStash::ConfigurationError, "Elasticsearch Input Plugin's `query` option cannot specify specific `slice` when configured to manage parallel slices with `slices` option")
+        @slices < 1 && fail(LogStash::ConfigurationError, "Elasticsearch Input Plugin's `slices` option must be greater than zero, got `#{@slices}`")
+      end
     end
 
     @retries < 0 && fail(LogStash::ConfigurationError, "Elasticsearch Input Plugin's `retries` option must be equal or greater than zero, got `#{@retries}`")
@@ -348,11 +365,13 @@ def register
 
     test_connection!
 
+    validate_es_for_esql_support!
+
     setup_serverless
 
     setup_search_api
 
-    setup_query_executor
+    @query_executor = create_query_executor
 
     setup_cursor_tracker
 
@@ -370,16 +389,6 @@ def run(output_queue)
     end
   end
 
-  def get_query_object
-    if @cursor_tracker
-      query = @cursor_tracker.inject_cursor(@query)
-      @logger.debug("new query is #{query}")
-    else
-      query = @query
-    end
-    LogStash::Json.load(query)
-  end
-
   ##
   # This can be called externally from the query_executor
   public
@@ -390,6 +399,23 @@ def push_hit(hit, output_queue, root_field = '_source')
     record_last_value(event)
   end
 
+  def decorate_event(event)
+    decorate(event)
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  def get_query_object
+    return @query if @query_type == 'esql'
+    if @cursor_tracker
+      query = @cursor_tracker.inject_cursor(@query)
+      @logger.debug("new query is #{query}")
+    else
+      query = @query
+    end
+    LogStash::Json.load(query)
+  end
+
   def record_last_value(event)
     @cursor_tracker.record_last_value(event) if @tracking_field
   end
@@ -421,8 +447,6 @@ def set_docinfo_fields(hit, event)
     event.set(@docinfo_target, docinfo_target)
   end
 
-  private
-
   def hosts_default?(hosts)
     hosts.nil? || ( hosts.is_a?(Array) && hosts.empty? )
   end
@@ -700,18 +724,16 @@ def setup_search_api
 
   end
 
-  def setup_query_executor
-    @query_executor = case @response_type
-                      when 'hits'
-                        if @resolved_search_api == "search_after"
-                          LogStash::Inputs::Elasticsearch::SearchAfter.new(@client, self)
-                        else
-                          logger.warn("scroll API is no longer recommended for pagination. Consider using search_after instead.") if es_major_version >= 8
-                          LogStash::Inputs::Elasticsearch::Scroll.new(@client, self)
-                        end
-                      when 'aggregations'
-                        LogStash::Inputs::Elasticsearch::Aggregation.new(@client, self)
-                      end
+  def create_query_executor
+    return LogStash::Inputs::Elasticsearch::Esql.new(@client, self) if @query_type == 'esql'
+
+    # DSL query executor
+    return LogStash::Inputs::Elasticsearch::Aggregation.new(@client, self) if @response_type == 'aggregations'
+    # response_type is hits, executor can be search_after or scroll type
+    return LogStash::Inputs::Elasticsearch::SearchAfter.new(@client, self) if @resolved_search_api == "search_after"
+
+    logger.warn("scroll API is no longer recommended for pagination. Consider using search_after instead.") if es_major_version >= 8
+    LogStash::Inputs::Elasticsearch::Scroll.new(@client, self)
   end
 
   def setup_cursor_tracker
@@ -750,6 +772,26 @@ def get_transport_client_class
     ::Elastic::Transport::Transport::HTTP::Manticore
   end
 
+  def validate_ls_version_for_esql_support!
+    if Gem::Version.create(LOGSTASH_VERSION) < Gem::Version.create(LS_ESQL_SUPPORT_VERSION)
+      fail("Current version of Logstash does not include Elasticsearch client which supports ES|QL. Please upgrade Logstash to at least #{LS_ESQL_SUPPORT_VERSION}")
+    end
+  end
+
+  def validate_esql_query!
+    fail(LogStash::ConfigurationError, "`query` cannot be empty") if @query.strip.empty?
+    source_commands = %w[FROM ROW SHOW]
+    contains_source_command = source_commands.any? { |source_command| @query.strip.start_with?(source_command) }
+    fail(LogStash::ConfigurationError, "`query` needs to start with any of #{source_commands}") unless contains_source_command
+  end
+
+  def validate_es_for_esql_support!
+    return unless @query_type == 'esql'
+    # make sure connected ES supports ES|QL (8.11+)
+    es_supports_esql = Gem::Version.create(es_version) >= Gem::Version.create(ES_ESQL_SUPPORT_VERSION)
+    fail("Connected Elasticsearch #{es_version} version does not supports ES|QL. ES|QL feature requires at least Elasticsearch #{ES_ESQL_SUPPORT_VERSION} version.") unless es_supports_esql
+  end
+
   module URIOrEmptyValidator
     ##
     # @override to provide :uri_or_empty validator