chore: update to Go 1.24

[Kubuxu]

No description provided.

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR updates the Go version from 1.23.7 to 1.24 across the project's build configuration files.

• Updates the go directive in go.mod to version 1.24
• Updates the Docker base image to golang:1.24-bullseye

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 2 out of 2 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

File	Description
go.mod	Updates the Go language version directive from 1.23.7 to 1.24
Dockerfile	Updates the base image to use golang:1.24-bullseye for the build stage

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 65.60%. Comparing base (3dff794) to head (223e080).
⚠️ Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #1057      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   65.56%   65.60%   +0.03%     
==========================================
  Files          81       81              
  Lines        7992     7992              
==========================================
+ Hits         5240     5243       +3     
+ Misses       2222     2219       -3     
  Partials      530      530              

see 4 files with indirect coverage changes

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[Kubuxu]

I don't know why the version bump made this test more flaky on CI. I can't really observe this flakiness outside of CI.