Update wasm exception handling model (migration to emsdk 4-x) #2702

Job	Run time
emscripten_wasm (osx15-arm, macos-15)	7m 3s
build (osx15-x86, macos-15-intel, bash)	4m 11s
build (ubu24-arm, ubuntu-24.04-arm, bash)	1m 44s
emscripten_wasm (ubu24, ubuntu-24.04)	3m 43s
build (osx15-arm, macos-15, bash)	2m 29s
build (osx26-arm, macos-26, bash)	2m 17s
build (ubu22, ubuntu-22.04, bash)	1m 53s
build (ubu24-analyzers, ubuntu-24.04, true, on, bash)	3m 56s
build (ubu24, ubuntu-24.04, bash)	2m 5s
build (ubu22-arm, ubuntu-22.04-arm, bash)	1m 48s
build (Windows25, windows-2025, cmd.exe)	3m 6s
build (osx14-arm, macos-14, bash)	2m 37s
build (Windows22, windows-2022, cmd.exe)	3m 4s
	39m 56s

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