[deps] Vault: Update koa to v2.16.2 [SECURITY]

[renovate]

This PR contains the following updates:

Package	Change	Age	Confidence
koa (source)	2.16.1 -> 2.16.2

GitHub Vulnerability Alerts

CVE-2025-8129

Summary

In the latest version of Koa, the back method used for redirect operations adopts an insecure implementation, which uses the user-controllable referrer header as the redirect target.

Details

on the API document https://www.koajs.net/api/response#responseredirecturl-alt, we can see:

response.redirect(url, [alt])

Performs a [302] redirect to url.
The string "back" is specially provided for Referrer support, using alt or "/" when Referrer does not exist.

ctx.redirect('back');
ctx.redirect('back', '/index.html');
ctx.redirect('/login');
ctx.redirect('http://google.com');

however, the "back" method is insecure:

• https://github.com/koajs/koa/blob/master/lib/response.js#L322

  back (alt) {
    const url = this.ctx.get('Referrer') || alt || '/'
    this.redirect(url)
  },

Referrer Header is User-Controlled.

PoC

there is a demo for POC:

const Koa = require('koa')
const serve = require('koa-static')
const Router = require('@​koa/router')
const path = require('path')

const app = new Koa()
const router = new Router()

// Serve static files from the public directory
app.use(serve(path.join(__dirname, 'public')))

// Define routes
router.get('/test', ctx => {
  ctx.redirect('back', '/index1.html')
})

router.get('/test2', ctx => {
  ctx.redirect('back')
})

router.get('/', ctx => {
  ctx.body = 'Welcome to the home page! Try accessing /test, /test2'
})

app.use(router.routes())
app.use(router.allowedMethods())

const port = 3000
app.listen(port, () => {
  console.log(`Server running at http://localhost:${port}`)
}) 

Proof Of Concept

GET /test HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.0.1:3000
Referer: http://www.baidu.com
Connection: close

GET /test2 HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.0.1:3000
Referer: http://www.baidu.com
Connection: close

Impact

https://learn.snyk.io/lesson/open-redirect/

---

Release Notes

koajs/koa (koa)

v2.16.2

Compare Source

What's Changed

• fix: only allow back redirect to the same origin referer by @​fengmk2 in https://github.com/koajs/koa/pull/1898

Full Changelog: koajs/koa@v2.16.1...v2.16.2

---

Configuration

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---

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 41.24%. Comparing base (9e6d0cc) to head (73777ab).
⚠️ Report is 5 commits behind head on main.
✅ All tests successful. No failed tests found.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main   #15807   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   41.23%   41.24%           
=======================================
  Files        3543     3543           
  Lines      101963   101963           
  Branches    15295    15295           
=======================================
+ Hits        42048    42052    +4     
+ Misses      58152    58148    -4     
  Partials     1763     1763           

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[renovate]

Edited/Blocked Notification

Renovate will not automatically rebase this PR, because it does not recognize the last commit author and assumes somebody else may have edited the PR.

You can manually request rebase by checking the rebase/retry box above.

⚠️ Warning: custom changes will be lost.

[sonarqubecloud]

Quality Gate passed

Issues
0 New issues
0 Accepted issues

Measures
0 Security Hotspots
0.0% Coverage on New Code
0.0% Duplication on New Code

See analysis details on SonarQube Cloud

[github-actions]

Checkmarx One – Scan Summary & Details – c78a0f9a-7b03-4326-a7b3-8ee145113243

New Issues (7)

Checkmarx found the following issues in this Pull Request

Severity	Issue	Source File / Package	Checkmarx Insight
	CVE-2025-12727	Npm-electron-37.7.0	details Description: Inappropriate implementation in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 142.0.7444.137 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a ... Attack Vector: NETWORK Attack Complexity: LOW ID: hiFJjRRZxXGdmZm3tC9%2Bj9WY5erQP%2Fg0m%2BFqMAGVyk0%3D Vulnerable Package
	CVE-2025-12907	Npm-electron-37.7.0	details Description: Insufficient validation of untrusted input in Devtools in Google Chrome prior to 140.0.7339.80 allowed a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code ... Attack Vector: NETWORK Attack Complexity: LOW ID: FpFasOYV5O%2Ff1U5k%2BRHhwQQnydGhO5DNSG7jR0WcxR4%3D Vulnerable Package
	CVE-2025-11215	Npm-electron-37.7.0	details Description: Off-by-one Error in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 141.0.7390.54 allowed a remote attacker to perform an Out-of-bounds Memory Read via a crafted HTML... Attack Vector: NETWORK Attack Complexity: LOW ID: %2FW5xbF%2BTxVWimIjU00%2BeH4V439PVlzntVkPJqSXNRSU%3D Vulnerable Package
	CVE-2025-11216	Npm-electron-37.7.0	details Recommended version: 39.2.0 Description: Inappropriate implementation in Storage in Google Chrome on Mac prior to 141.0.7390.54 allowed a remote attacker to perform domain spoofing via a c... Attack Vector: NETWORK Attack Complexity: LOW ID: kMtFIcSfXCBcyglv6etPRoWgo3jl8PK00UXyxiBrzMs%3D Vulnerable Package
	CVE-2025-12728	Npm-electron-37.7.0	details Description: Inappropriate implementation in Omnibox in Google Chrome on Android prior to 142.0.7444.137 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engag... Attack Vector: NETWORK Attack Complexity: HIGH ID: XRcDQiV4kg3sBYkwwuMn8Lf23EGhaiwwTLhHTOv4BBo%3D Vulnerable Package
	CVE-2025-12729	Npm-electron-37.7.0	details Description: Inappropriate implementation in Omnibox in Google Chrome on Android prior to 142.0.7444.137 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engag... Attack Vector: NETWORK Attack Complexity: HIGH ID: hO6WU3d083EAkY8zoBqENd1%2FMl3RKA%2Bd2HecqS1%2FPok%3D Vulnerable Package
	CVE-2025-11219	Npm-electron-37.7.0	details Recommended version: 39.2.0 Description: Use After Free in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 141.0.7390.54 allowed a remote attacker to potentially perform Out-of-bounds Memory Access via a cra... Attack Vector: NETWORK Attack Complexity: HIGH ID: W2bwlFubH%2FMZ1Py3UUKonldDgvS2pdYV8GxpchitxX0%3D Vulnerable Package

Fixed Issues (1)

Great job! The following issues were fixed in this Pull Request

Severity	Issue	Source File / Package
	CVE-2025-8129	Npm-koa-2.16.1

[claude]

Claude finished @renovate[bot]'s task —— View job

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Security Dependency Update Review

Summary

This PR appropriately updates koa from v2.16.1 to v2.16.2 to address CVE-2025-8129, a security vulnerability involving open redirect through the Referrer header. After reviewing the codebase, I've confirmed that:

1. ✅ The security vulnerability is fixed in koa v2.16.2
2. ✅ Bitwarden's CLI does not use the vulnerable ctx.redirect('back') pattern
3. ✅ All CI checks have passed (Codecov, SonarQube, Checkmarx)
4. ✅ Checkmarx confirms the CVE-2025-8129 issue is resolved

Findings

Finding 1: 💭 PR description could provide context about CLI usage

Additional Context

The PR description focuses on the vulnerability details but doesn't clarify that Bitwarden's CLI uses koa only for its local API server (via bw serve command) and doesn't use redirects at all. This context would help reviewers understand the actual risk exposure.

The CLI's koa server implementation (apps/cli/src/commands/serve.command.ts and apps/cli/src/oss-serve-configurator.ts) provides a local REST API for vault operations but does not perform any HTTP redirects - it only processes JSON responses. Therefore, while this is a valid security update, Bitwarden was never vulnerable to the specific exploit described in CVE-2025-8129.

Finding 2: 🎨 Consider documenting koa usage scope

Since koa is a production dependency used specifically for the CLI's local API server functionality, it may be worth documenting this use case in the codebase or architecture docs. This would help future security reviews and dependency audits understand the attack surface.

Verification

I verified that the CLI's koa implementation:

• Uses koa only for local HTTP server (bw serve command) - see apps/cli/src/commands/serve.command.ts:31
• Configures routes with JSON responses only - see apps/cli/src/oss-serve-configurator.ts:223-441
• Does not use ctx.redirect() anywhere in the codebase
• Does not use the vulnerable redirect('back') pattern

Recommendation

Approve and merge. This is a valid security patch that should be applied, even though Bitwarden's codebase doesn't use the vulnerable functionality. Keeping dependencies up-to-date with security patches is a best practice regardless of direct exposure.

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Tasks Completed

• Review PR title and description quality
• Examine changed files and dependency update
• Search for koa usage in codebase
• Check for vulnerable redirect patterns
• Assess security impact and provide feedback

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