branch-4.1: [enhancement](filecache) add more debug info via VLOG_DEBUG

[freemandealer]

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #xxx

Related PR: #58043

Problem Summary: Backport PR #58043 to branch-4.1. The original change adds VLOG_DEBUG diagnostics to file cache warm-up, cache eviction/removal paths, and S3 reads so debugging can include tablet ids, stack traces, cache keys, offsets, and removal reasons. While resolving conflicts, branch-4.1 existing warm-up and cache code paths were preserved and only the missing debug information was applied.

Release note

None

Check List (For Author)

• Test:
  • Manual test: PATH=/data/data4/zhangzhengyu/build-dep/ldb_toolchain.back/bin:$PATH build-support/clang-format.sh
  • Manual test: PATH=/data/data4/zhangzhengyu/build-dep/ldb_toolchain.back/bin:$PATH build-support/check-format.sh
  • Manual test: JAVA_HOME=/mnt/disk1/zhangzhengyu/build-dep/jdk-17.0.2/ DORIS_TOOLCHAIN=clang DISABLE_BE_JAVA_EXTENSIONS=ON ENABLE_INJECTION_POINT=ON ENABLE_CACHE_LOCK_DEBUG=0 ENABLE_PCH=0 ./build.sh --be
• Behavior changed: No
• Does this need documentation: No

[hello-stephen]

Thank you for your contribution to Apache Doris.
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Please clearly describe your PR:

1. What problem was fixed (it's best to include specific error reporting information). How it was fixed.
2. Which behaviors were modified. What was the previous behavior, what is it now, why was it modified, and what possible impacts might there be.
3. What features were added. Why was this function added?
4. Which code was refactored and why was this part of the code refactored?
5. Which functions were optimized and what is the difference before and after the optimization?

[freemandealer]

run buildall

[hello-stephen]

BE UT Coverage Report

Increment line coverage 66.67% (20/30) 🎉

Increment coverage report
Complete coverage report

Category	Coverage
Function Coverage	54.81% (20966/38250)
Line Coverage	38.23% (200055/523346)
Region Coverage	34.67% (157014/452892)
Branch Coverage	35.64% (68559/192359)