request.py

"""
The Request class is used as a wrapper around the standard request object.

The wrapped request then offers a richer API, in particular :

    - content automatically parsed according to `Content-Type` header,
      and available as `request.data`
    - full support of PUT method, including support for file uploads
    - form overloading of HTTP method, content type and content
"""
import io
import sys
from contextlib import contextmanager

from django.conf import settings
from django.http import HttpRequest, QueryDict
from django.http.request import RawPostDataException
from django.utils.datastructures import MultiValueDict
from django.utils.http import parse_header_parameters

from rest_framework import exceptions
from rest_framework.settings import api_settings


def is_form_media_type(media_type):
    """
    Return True if the media type is a valid form media type.
    """
    base_media_type, params = parse_header_parameters(media_type)
    return (base_media_type == 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' or
            base_media_type == 'multipart/form-data')


class override_method:
    """
    A context manager that temporarily overrides the method on a request,
    additionally setting the `view.request` attribute.

    Usage:

        with override_method(view, request, 'POST') as request:
            ... # Do stuff with `view` and `request`
    """

    def __init__(self, view, request, method):
        self.view = view
        self.request = request
        self.method = method
        self.action = getattr(view, 'action', None)

    def __enter__(self):
        self.view.request = clone_request(self.request, self.method)
        # For viewsets we also set the `.action` attribute.
        action_map = getattr(self.view, 'action_map', {})
        self.view.action = action_map.get(self.method.lower())
        return self.view.request

    def __exit__(self, *args, **kwarg):
        self.view.request = self.request
        self.view.action = self.action


class WrappedAttributeError(Exception):
    pass


@contextmanager
def wrap_attributeerrors():
    """
    Used to re-raise AttributeErrors caught during authentication, preventing
    these errors from otherwise being handled by the attribute access protocol.
    """
    try:
        yield
    except AttributeError:
        info = sys.exc_info()
        exc = WrappedAttributeError(str(info[1]))
        raise exc.with_traceback(info[2])


class Empty:
    """
    Placeholder for unset attributes.
    Cannot use `None`, as that may be a valid value.
    """
    pass


def _hasattr(obj, name):
    return not getattr(obj, name) is Empty


def clone_request(request, method):
    """
    Internal helper method to clone a request, replacing with a different
    HTTP method.  Used for checking permissions against other methods.
    """
    ret = Request(request=request._request,
                  parsers=request.parsers,
                  authenticators=request.authenticators,
                  negotiator=request.negotiator,
                  parser_context=request.parser_context)
    ret._data = request._data
    ret._files = request._files
    ret._full_data = request._full_data
    ret._content_type = request._content_type
    ret._stream = request._stream
    ret.method = method
    if hasattr(request, '_user'):
        ret._user = request._user
    if hasattr(request, '_auth'):
        ret._auth = request._auth
    if hasattr(request, '_authenticator'):
        ret._authenticator = request._authenticator
    if hasattr(request, 'accepted_renderer'):
        ret.accepted_renderer = request.accepted_renderer
    if hasattr(request, 'accepted_media_type'):
        ret.accepted_media_type = request.accepted_media_type
    if hasattr(request, 'version'):
        ret.version = request.version
    if hasattr(request, 'versioning_scheme'):
        ret.versioning_scheme = request.versioning_scheme
    return ret


class ForcedAuthentication:
    """
    This authentication class is used if the test client or request factory
    forcibly authenticated the request.
    """

    def __init__(self, force_user, force_token):
        self.force_user = force_user
        self.force_token = force_token

    def authenticate(self, request):
        return (self.force_user, self.force_token)


class Request:
    """
    Wrapper allowing to enhance a standard `HttpRequest` instance.

    Kwargs:
        - request(HttpRequest). The original request instance.
        - parsers(list/tuple). The parsers to use for parsing the
          request content.
        - authenticators(list/tuple). The authenticators used to try
          authenticating the request's user.
    """

    def __init__(self, request, parsers=None, authenticators=None,
                 negotiator=None, parser_context=None):
        assert isinstance(request, HttpRequest), (
            'The `request` argument must be an instance of '
            '`django.http.HttpRequest`, not `{}.{}`.'
            .format(request.__class__.__module__, request.__class__.__name__)
        )

        self._request = request
        self.parsers = parsers or ()
        self.authenticators = authenticators or ()
        self.negotiator = negotiator or self._default_negotiator()
        self.parser_context = parser_context
        self._data = Empty
        self._files = Empty
        self._full_data = Empty
        self._content_type = Empty
        self._stream = Empty

        if self.parser_context is None:
            self.parser_context = {}
        self.parser_context['request'] = self
        self.parser_context['encoding'] = request.encoding or settings.DEFAULT_CHARSET

        force_user = getattr(request, '_force_auth_user', None)
        force_token = getattr(request, '_force_auth_token', None)
        if force_user is not None or force_token is not None:
            forced_auth = ForcedAuthentication(force_user, force_token)
            self.authenticators = (forced_auth,)

    def __repr__(self):
        return '<%s.%s: %s %r>' % (
            self.__class__.__module__,
            self.__class__.__name__,
            self.method,
            self.get_full_path())

    # Allow generic typing checking for requests.
    def __class_getitem__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        return cls

    def _default_negotiator(self):
        return api_settings.DEFAULT_CONTENT_NEGOTIATION_CLASS()

    @property
    def content_type(self):
        meta = self._request.META
        return meta.get('CONTENT_TYPE', meta.get('HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE', ''))

    @property
    def stream(self):
        """
        Returns an object that may be used to stream the request content.
        """
        if not _hasattr(self, '_stream'):
            self._load_stream()
        return self._stream

    @property
    def query_params(self):
        """
        More semantically correct name for request.GET.
        """
        return self._request.GET

    @property
    def data(self):
        if not _hasattr(self, '_full_data'):
            self._load_data_and_files()
        return self._full_data

    @property
    def user(self):
        """
        Returns the user associated with the current request, as authenticated
        by the authentication classes provided to the request.
        """
        if not hasattr(self, '_user'):
            with wrap_attributeerrors():
                self._authenticate()
        return self._user

    @user.setter
    def user(self, value):
        """
        Sets the user on the current request. This is necessary to maintain
        compatibility with django.contrib.auth where the user property is
        set in the login and logout functions.

        Note that we also set the user on Django's underlying `HttpRequest`
        instance, ensuring that it is available to any middleware in the stack.
        """
        self._user = value
        self._request.user = value

    @property
    def auth(self):
        """
        Returns any non-user authentication information associated with the
        request, such as an authentication token.
        """
        if not hasattr(self, '_auth'):
            with wrap_attributeerrors():
                self._authenticate()
        return self._auth

    @auth.setter
    def auth(self, value):
        """
        Sets any non-user authentication information associated with the
        request, such as an authentication token.
        """
        self._auth = value
        self._request.auth = value

    @property
    def successful_authenticator(self):
        """
        Return the instance of the authentication instance class that was used
        to authenticate the request, or `None`.
        """
        if not hasattr(self, '_authenticator'):
            with wrap_attributeerrors():
                self._authenticate()
        return self._authenticator

    def _load_data_and_files(self):
        """
        Parses the request content into `self.data`.
        """
        if not _hasattr(self, '_data'):
            self._data, self._files = self._parse()
            if self._files:
                self._full_data = self._data.copy()
                self._full_data.update(self._files)
            else:
                self._full_data = self._data

            # if a form media type, copy data & files refs to the underlying
            # http request so that closable objects are handled appropriately.
            if is_form_media_type(self.content_type):
                self._request._post = self.POST
                self._request._files = self.FILES

    def _load_stream(self):
        """
        Return the content body of the request, as a stream.
        """
        meta = self._request.META
        try:
            content_length = int(
                meta.get('CONTENT_LENGTH', meta.get('HTTP_CONTENT_LENGTH', 0))
            )
        except (ValueError, TypeError):
            content_length = 0

        if content_length == 0:
            self._stream = None
        elif not self._request._read_started:
            self._stream = self._request
        else:
            self._stream = io.BytesIO(self.body)

    def _supports_form_parsing(self):
        """
        Return True if this requests supports parsing form data.
        """
        form_media = (
            'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
            'multipart/form-data'
        )
        return any(parser.media_type in form_media for parser in self.parsers)

    def _parse(self):
        """
        Parse the request content, returning a two-tuple of (data, files)

        May raise an `UnsupportedMediaType`, or `ParseError` exception.
        """
        media_type = self.content_type
        try:
            stream = self.stream
        except RawPostDataException:
            if not hasattr(self._request, '_post'):
                raise
            # If request.POST has been accessed in middleware, and a method='POST'
            # request was made with 'multipart/form-data', then the request stream
            # will already have been exhausted.
            if self._supports_form_parsing():
                return (self._request.POST, self._request.FILES)
            stream = None

        if stream is None or media_type is None:
            if media_type and is_form_media_type(media_type):
                empty_data = QueryDict('', encoding=self._request._encoding)
            else:
                empty_data = {}
            empty_files = MultiValueDict()
            return (empty_data, empty_files)

        parser = self.negotiator.select_parser(self, self.parsers)

        if not parser:
            raise exceptions.UnsupportedMediaType(media_type)

        try:
            parsed = parser.parse(stream, media_type, self.parser_context)
        except Exception as exc:
            # If we get an exception during parsing, fill in empty data and
            # re-raise.  Ensures we don't simply repeat the error when
            # attempting to render the browsable renderer response, or when
            # logging the request or similar.
            self._data = QueryDict('', encoding=self._request._encoding)
            self._files = MultiValueDict()
            self._full_data = self._data
            if isinstance(exc, AttributeError):
                raise exceptions.ParseError(str(exc))

            raise

        # Parser classes may return the raw data, or a
        # DataAndFiles object.  Unpack the result as required.
        try:
            return (parsed.data, parsed.files)
        except AttributeError:
            empty_files = MultiValueDict()
            return (parsed, empty_files)

    def _authenticate(self):
        """
        Attempt to authenticate the request using each authentication instance
        in turn.
        """
        for authenticator in self.authenticators:
            try:
                user_auth_tuple = authenticator.authenticate(self)
            except exceptions.APIException:
                self._not_authenticated()
                raise

            if user_auth_tuple is not None:
                self._authenticator = authenticator
                self.user, self.auth = user_auth_tuple
                return

        self._not_authenticated()

    def _not_authenticated(self):
        """
        Set authenticator, user & authtoken representing an unauthenticated request.

        Defaults are None, AnonymousUser & None.
        """
        self._authenticator = None

        if api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_USER:
            self.user = api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_USER()
        else:
            self.user = None

        if api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_TOKEN:
            self.auth = api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_TOKEN()
        else:
            self.auth = None

    def __getattr__(self, attr):
        """
        If an attribute does not exist on this instance, then we also attempt
        to proxy it to the underlying HttpRequest object.
        """
        try:
            _request = self.__getattribute__("_request")
            return getattr(_request, attr)
        except AttributeError:
            return self.__getattribute__(attr)

    @property
    def POST(self):
        # Ensure that request.POST uses our request parsing.
        if not _hasattr(self, '_data'):
            self._load_data_and_files()
        if is_form_media_type(self.content_type):
            return self._data
        return QueryDict('', encoding=self._request._encoding)

    @property
    def FILES(self):
        # Leave this one alone for backwards compat with Django's request.FILES
        # Different from the other two cases, which are not valid property
        # names on the WSGIRequest class.
        if not _hasattr(self, '_files'):
            self._load_data_and_files()
        return self._files

    def force_plaintext_errors(self, value):
        # Hack to allow our exception handler to force choice of
        # plaintext or html error responses.
        self._request.is_ajax = lambda: value