Documentation
In the os package doc page, there is the following statement:
For example, environ['monty'] = 'python' maps the key 'MONTY' to the value 'python'.
I have tested, and actually this maps the key 'monty', not an all caps version of it.
>>> os.environ["monty"] = "python"
>>> "MONTY" in os.environ
False
>>> "monty" in os.environ
True