diff --git a/pandas/io/common.py b/pandas/io/common.py
index 1a9e6b472463d..7c07ed0d003c3 100644
--- a/pandas/io/common.py
+++ b/pandas/io/common.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 from collections import defaultdict
 from collections.abc import (
     Hashable,
+    Iterable,
     Mapping,
     Sequence,
 )
@@ -26,7 +27,10 @@
 )
 import mmap
 import os
-from pathlib import Path
+from pathlib import (
+    Path,
+    PurePosixPath,
+)
 import re
 import tarfile
 from typing import (
@@ -42,6 +46,7 @@
     overload,
 )
 from urllib.parse import (
+    unquote,
     urljoin,
     urlparse as parse_url,
     uses_netloc,
@@ -55,6 +60,7 @@
     BaseBuffer,
     ReadCsvBuffer,
 )
+from pandas.compat import is_platform_windows
 from pandas.compat._optional import import_optional_dependency
 from pandas.util._decorators import doc
 from pandas.util._exceptions import find_stack_level
@@ -1282,3 +1288,160 @@ def dedup_names(
         counts[col] = cur_count + 1
 
     return names
+
+
+def _infer_protocol(path: str) -> str:
+    # Treat Windows drive letters like C:\ as local file paths
+    if is_platform_windows() and re.match(r"^[a-zA-Z]:[\\/]", path):
+        return "file"
+
+    if is_fsspec_url(path) or path.startswith("http"):
+        parsed = parse_url(path)
+        return parsed.scheme
+    return "file"
+
+
+def _match_file(
+    path: Path | PurePosixPath, extensions: set[str] | None, glob: str | None
+) -> bool:
+    """
+    Check if the file matches the given extensions and glob pattern.
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    path : Path or PurePosixPath
+        The file path to check.
+    extensions : set[str]
+        A set of file extensions to match against.
+    glob : str
+        A glob pattern to match against.
+    Returns
+    -------
+    bool
+        True if the file matches the extensions and glob pattern, False otherwise.
+    """
+    return (extensions is None or path.suffix.lower() in extensions) and (
+        glob is None or path.match(glob)
+    )
+
+
+def _resolve_local_path(path_str: str) -> Path:
+    parsed = parse_url(path_str)
+
+    if is_platform_windows():
+        if parsed.scheme == "file":
+            if parsed.netloc:
+                return Path(f"//{parsed.netloc}{unquote(parsed.path)}")
+            return Path(unquote(parsed.path.lstrip("/")))
+
+        if re.match(r"^[a-zA-Z]:[\\/]", path_str):
+            return Path(unquote(path_str))
+
+    return Path(unquote(parsed.path))
+
+
+def iterdir(
+    path: FilePath | BaseBuffer,
+    extensions: str | Iterable[str] | None = None,
+    glob: str | None = None,
+) -> list[str | Path] | BaseBuffer:
+    """Yield file paths in a directory (no nesting allowed).
+
+    Supports:
+    - Local paths (str, os.PathLike)
+    - file:// URLs
+    - Remote paths (e.g., s3://) via fsspec (if installed)
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    path : FilePath
+        Path to the directory (local or remote).
+    extensions : str or list of str, optional
+        Only yield files with the given extension(s). Case-insensitive.
+        If None, all files are yielded.
+    glob : str, optional
+        Only yield files matching the given glob pattern.
+        If None, all files are yielded.
+
+    Returns
+    ------
+    list of str or Path, BaseBuffer
+        If `path` is a file-like object, returns it directly.
+        Otherwise, returns list of file paths in the directory.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    NotADirectoryError
+        If the given path is not a directory.
+    ImportError
+        If fsspec is required but not installed.
+    """
+    if hasattr(path, "read") or hasattr(path, "write"):
+        return path
+
+    if not isinstance(path, (str, os.PathLike)):
+        raise TypeError(
+            f"Expected file path name or file-like object, got {type(path)} type"
+        )
+
+    if extensions is not None:
+        if isinstance(extensions, str):
+            extensions = {extensions.lower()}
+        else:
+            extensions = {ext.lower() for ext in extensions}
+
+    path_str = os.fspath(path)
+    scheme = _infer_protocol(path_str)
+
+    if scheme == "file":
+        resolved_path = _resolve_local_path(path_str)
+        if not resolved_path.exists():
+            raise FileNotFoundError(f"No such file or directory: '{resolved_path}'")
+
+        result = []
+        if resolved_path.is_file():
+            if _match_file(
+                resolved_path,
+                extensions,
+                glob,
+            ):
+                result.append(resolved_path)
+                return result
+
+        if resolved_path.is_dir():
+            for entry in resolved_path.iterdir():
+                if entry.is_file():
+                    if _match_file(
+                        entry,
+                        extensions,
+                        glob,
+                    ):
+                        result.append(entry)
+            return result
+
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"The path '{resolved_path}' is neither a file nor a directory."
+        )
+
+    # Remote paths
+    fsspec = import_optional_dependency("fsspec", extra=scheme)
+    fs, inner_path = fsspec.core.url_to_fs(path_str)
+    if fs.isfile(inner_path):
+        path_obj = PurePosixPath(inner_path)
+        if _match_file(
+            inner_path,
+            extensions,
+            glob,
+        ):
+            return [path]
+
+    result = []
+    for file in fs.ls(inner_path, detail=True):
+        if file["type"] == "file":
+            path_obj = PurePosixPath(file["name"])
+            if _match_file(
+                path_obj,
+                extensions,
+                glob,
+            ):
+                result.append(f"{scheme}://{path_obj}")
+    return result
diff --git a/pandas/io/parsers/readers.py b/pandas/io/parsers/readers.py
index 67193f930b4dc..efcb28d67fb76 100644
--- a/pandas/io/parsers/readers.py
+++ b/pandas/io/parsers/readers.py
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
 from pandas.io.common import (
     IOHandles,
     get_handle,
+    iterdir,
     stringify_path,
     validate_header_arg,
 )
@@ -73,6 +74,7 @@
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from collections.abc import (
         Callable,
+        Generator,
         Hashable,
         Iterable,
         Mapping,
@@ -668,9 +670,23 @@ def _validate_names(names: Sequence[Hashable] | None) -> None:
             raise ValueError("Names should be an ordered collection.")
 
 
+def _multi_file_generator(
+    list_of_files: list[str], kwds
+) -> Generator[DataFrame] | Generator[TextFileReader]:
+    """Generator for multiple files."""
+    for file in list_of_files:
+        parser = TextFileReader(file, **kwds)
+
+        if kwds.get("chunksize", None) or kwds.get("iterator", False):
+            yield parser
+        else:
+            with parser:
+                yield parser.read(kwds.get("nrows", None))
+
+
 def _read(
     filepath_or_buffer: FilePath | ReadCsvBuffer[bytes] | ReadCsvBuffer[str], kwds
-) -> DataFrame | TextFileReader:
+) -> DataFrame | TextFileReader | Generator[DataFrame] | Generator[TextFileReader]:
     """Generic reader of line files."""
     # if we pass a date_format and parse_dates=False, we should not parse the
     # dates GH#44366
@@ -709,14 +725,26 @@ def _read(
     # Check for duplicates in names.
     _validate_names(kwds.get("names", None))
 
-    # Create the parser.
-    parser = TextFileReader(filepath_or_buffer, **kwds)
+    extensions = kwds.get("extensions", None)
+    glob = kwds.get("glob", None)
+    files = iterdir(filepath_or_buffer, extensions, glob)
+
+    if isinstance(files, list) and not files:
+        raise FileNotFoundError(
+            f"No files found in {filepath_or_buffer}, "
+            f"with extension(s) {extensions} and glob pattern {glob}"
+        )
 
-    if chunksize or iterator:
-        return parser
+    if (isinstance(files, list) and len(files) == 1) or not isinstance(files, list):
+        file = files[0] if isinstance(files, list) else files
+        parser = TextFileReader(file, **kwds)
 
-    with parser:
-        return parser.read(nrows)
+        if chunksize or iterator:
+            return parser
+
+        with parser:
+            return parser.read(nrows)
+    return _multi_file_generator(files, kwds)
 
 
 @overload
@@ -832,7 +860,7 @@ def read_csv(
     float_precision: Literal["high", "legacy", "round_trip"] | None = None,
     storage_options: StorageOptions | None = None,
     dtype_backend: DtypeBackend | lib.NoDefault = lib.no_default,
-) -> DataFrame | TextFileReader:
+) -> DataFrame | TextFileReader | Generator[DataFrame] | Generator[TextFileReader]:
     # locals() should never be modified
     kwds = locals().copy()
     del kwds["filepath_or_buffer"]
@@ -932,10 +960,9 @@ def read_table(
     skipfooter: int = 0,
     nrows: int | None = None,
     # NA and Missing Data Handling
-    na_values: Hashable
-    | Iterable[Hashable]
-    | Mapping[Hashable, Iterable[Hashable]]
-    | None = None,
+    na_values: (
+        Hashable | Iterable[Hashable] | Mapping[Hashable, Iterable[Hashable]] | None
+    ) = None,
     keep_default_na: bool = True,
     na_filter: bool = True,
     skip_blank_lines: bool = True,
@@ -968,7 +995,7 @@ def read_table(
     float_precision: Literal["high", "legacy", "round_trip"] | None = None,
     storage_options: StorageOptions | None = None,
     dtype_backend: DtypeBackend | lib.NoDefault = lib.no_default,
-) -> DataFrame | TextFileReader:
+) -> DataFrame | TextFileReader | Generator[DataFrame] | Generator[TextFileReader]:
     # locals() should never be modified
     kwds = locals().copy()
     del kwds["filepath_or_buffer"]
@@ -1038,7 +1065,7 @@ def read_fwf(
     iterator: bool = False,
     chunksize: int | None = None,
     **kwds: Unpack[_read_shared[HashableT]],
-) -> DataFrame | TextFileReader:
+) -> DataFrame | TextFileReader | Generator[DataFrame] | Generator[TextFileReader]:
     r"""
     Read a table of fixed-width formatted lines into DataFrame.
 
diff --git a/pandas/tests/io/conftest.py b/pandas/tests/io/conftest.py
index a5ddda9d66e7a..666434fc9fee7 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/io/conftest.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/io/conftest.py
@@ -223,3 +223,57 @@ def compression_format(request):
 @pytest.fixture(params=_compression_formats_params)
 def compression_ext(request):
     return request.param[0]
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def local_csv_file(tmp_path):
+    """
+    Fixture to create a dummy CSV file for testing.
+    """
+    file_path = tmp_path / "dummy.csv"
+    with file_path.open(mode="x", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        f.write("A,B,C\n1,2,3\n4,5,6\n")
+    return file_path
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def local_csv_directory(tmp_path):
+    """
+    Fixture to create a directory with dummy CSV files for testing.
+    """
+    for i in range(3):
+        file_path = tmp_path / f"{i}.csv"
+        file_path.touch()
+    return tmp_path
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def remote_csv_directory():
+    _ = pytest.importorskip("fsspec", reason="fsspec is required for remote tests")
+
+    import fsspec
+    from fsspec.implementations.memory import MemoryFileSystem
+
+    fsspec.register_implementation("s3", MemoryFileSystem)
+    fs = fsspec.filesystem("s3")
+    fs.store.clear()
+
+    dir_name = "remote-bucket"
+    fs.pipe(f"{dir_name}/a.csv", b"a,b,c\n1,2,3\n")
+    fs.pipe(f"{dir_name}/b.csv", b"a,b,c\n4,5,6\n")
+    fs.pipe(f"{dir_name}/nested/ignored.csv", b"x,y,z\n")
+
+    assert fs.exists(dir_name), "Remote directory was not created"
+    assert fs.isdir(dir_name), "Remote path is not a directory"
+
+    return f"s3://{dir_name}"
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def empty_local_file(tmp_path):
+    """
+    Fixture to create an empty local file.
+    """
+    file_path = tmp_path / "empty_file.csv"
+    file_path.touch()
+    return file_path
diff --git a/pandas/tests/io/parser/common/test_file_buffer_url.py b/pandas/tests/io/parser/common/test_file_buffer_url.py
index cef57318195ec..bbeb017d1618f 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/io/parser/common/test_file_buffer_url.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/io/parser/common/test_file_buffer_url.py
@@ -89,10 +89,9 @@ def test_nonexistent_path(all_parsers):
     parser = all_parsers
     path = f"{uuid.uuid4()}.csv"
 
-    msg = r"\[Errno 2\]"
-    with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError, match=msg) as e:
+    msg = rf"No such file or directory: '{path}'"
+    with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError, match=msg):
         parser.read_csv(path)
-    assert path == e.value.filename
 
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(WASM, reason="limited file system access on WASM")
@@ -314,21 +313,21 @@ class InvalidBuffer:
         pass
 
     parser = all_parsers
-    msg = "Invalid file path or buffer object type"
+    msg = "Expected file path name or file-like object"
 
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
         parser.read_csv(InvalidBuffer())
 
 
 def test_invalid_file_buffer_mock(all_parsers):
     # see gh-15337
     parser = all_parsers
-    msg = "Invalid file path or buffer object type"
+    msg = "Expected file path name or file-like object"
 
     class Foo:
         pass
 
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
         parser.read_csv(Foo())
 
 
diff --git a/pandas/tests/io/parser/test_compression.py b/pandas/tests/io/parser/test_compression.py
index 191d0de50b12f..941e5bbb429cc 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/io/parser/test_compression.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/io/parser/test_compression.py
@@ -34,6 +34,15 @@ def parser_and_data(all_parsers, csv1):
     return parser, data, expected
 
 
+@pytest.fixture
+def empty_zip_file(tmp_path):
+    # Create an empty zip file for testing
+    zip_path = tmp_path / "empty.zip"
+    with zipfile.ZipFile(zip_path, "w"):
+        pass
+    return zip_path
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("compression", ["zip", "infer", "zip2"])
 def test_zip(parser_and_data, compression):
     parser, data, expected = parser_and_data
@@ -158,14 +167,14 @@ def test_compression_utf_encoding(all_parsers, csv_dir_path, utf_value, encoding
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("invalid_compression", ["sfark", "bz3", "zipper"])
-def test_invalid_compression(all_parsers, invalid_compression):
+def test_invalid_compression(all_parsers, empty_zip_file, invalid_compression):
     parser = all_parsers
     compress_kwargs = {"compression": invalid_compression}
 
     msg = f"Unrecognized compression type: {invalid_compression}"
 
     with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
-        parser.read_csv("test_file.zip", **compress_kwargs)
+        parser.read_csv(empty_zip_file, **compress_kwargs)
 
 
 def test_compression_tar_archive(all_parsers, csv_dir_path):
diff --git a/pandas/tests/io/parser/test_directory.py b/pandas/tests/io/parser/test_directory.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..84edc58570036
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pandas/tests/io/parser/test_directory.py
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+from csv import (
+    DictWriter,
+    reader as csv_reader,
+)
+
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def directory_data():
+    return ["a", "b", "c"], [
+        {"first": {"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3}},
+        {"second": {"a": 4, "b": 5, "c": 6}},
+        {"third": {"a": 7, "b": 8, "c": 9}},
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def directory_data_to_file(tmp_path, directory_data):
+    field_names, data_list = directory_data
+    for data in data_list:
+        file_name = next(iter(data.keys()))
+        path = tmp_path / f"{file_name}.csv"
+        with path.open("w", newline="", encoding="utf-8") as file:
+            writer = DictWriter(file, fieldnames=field_names)
+            writer.writeheader()
+            writer.writerow(data[file_name])
+    return tmp_path
+
+
+def test_directory_data(directory_data_to_file):
+    assert len(list(directory_data_to_file.iterdir())) == 3
+    for file in directory_data_to_file.iterdir():
+        with file.open(encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            reader = csv_reader(f)
+            header = next(reader)
+            assert header == ["a", "b", "c"]
diff --git a/pandas/tests/io/parser/test_unsupported.py b/pandas/tests/io/parser/test_unsupported.py
index 07f84466e3ac2..f04a82a925f08 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/io/parser/test_unsupported.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/io/parser/test_unsupported.py
@@ -185,15 +185,10 @@ def test_close_file_handle_on_invalid_usecols(all_parsers):
         os.unlink(fname)
 
 
-def test_invalid_file_inputs(request, all_parsers):
+def test_invalid_file_inputs(all_parsers):
     # GH#45957
     parser = all_parsers
-    if parser.engine == "python":
-        request.applymarker(
-            pytest.mark.xfail(reason=f"{parser.engine} engine supports lists.")
-        )
-
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Invalid"):
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="Expected file path name or file-like"):
         parser.read_csv([])
 
 
diff --git a/pandas/tests/io/test_common.py b/pandas/tests/io/test_common.py
index 4a5e41397b59d..21f6bb05e418e 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/io/test_common.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/io/test_common.py
@@ -202,10 +202,11 @@ def test_read_non_existent(self, reader, module, error_class, fn_ext):
             rf"\[Errno 2\] File o directory non esistente: '.+does_not_exist\.{fn_ext}'"
         )
         msg8 = rf"Failed to open local file.+does_not_exist\.{fn_ext}"
+        msg9 = rf"No such file or directory: '.+does_not_exist\.{fn_ext}'"
 
         with pytest.raises(
             error_class,
-            match=rf"({msg1}|{msg2}|{msg3}|{msg4}|{msg5}|{msg6}|{msg7}|{msg8})",
+            match=rf"({msg1}|{msg2}|{msg3}|{msg4}|{msg5}|{msg6}|{msg7}|{msg8}|{msg9})",
         ):
             reader(path)
 
@@ -273,10 +274,11 @@ def test_read_expands_user_home_dir(
             rf"\[Errno 2\] File o directory non esistente: '.+does_not_exist\.{fn_ext}'"
         )
         msg8 = rf"Failed to open local file.+does_not_exist\.{fn_ext}"
+        msg9 = rf"No such file or directory: '.+does_not_exist\.{fn_ext}'"
 
         with pytest.raises(
             error_class,
-            match=rf"({msg1}|{msg2}|{msg3}|{msg4}|{msg5}|{msg6}|{msg7}|{msg8})",
+            match=rf"({msg1}|{msg2}|{msg3}|{msg4}|{msg5}|{msg6}|{msg7}|{msg8}|{msg9})",
         ):
             reader(path)
 
@@ -627,8 +629,10 @@ def test_bad_encdoing_errors():
 @pytest.mark.skipif(WASM, reason="limited file system access on WASM")
 def test_errno_attribute():
     # GH 13872
-    with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError, match="\\[Errno 2\\]") as err:
-        pd.read_csv("doesnt_exist")
+    non_existent_file = "doesnt_exist"
+    msg = rf"No such file or directory: '{non_existent_file}'"
+    with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError, match=msg) as err:
+        pd.read_csv(non_existent_file)
         assert err.errno == errno.ENOENT
 
 
@@ -695,3 +699,40 @@ def test_pyarrow_read_csv_datetime_dtype():
     expect = pd.DataFrame({"date": expect_data})
 
     tm.assert_frame_equal(expect, result)
+
+
+def test_iterdir_local(local_csv_directory):
+    for file in icom.iterdir(local_csv_directory):
+        assert file.is_file()
+        assert file.suffix == ".csv"
+
+
+def test_iterdir_local_passthrough(local_csv_file):
+    result = icom.iterdir(local_csv_file)
+    assert isinstance(result, list)
+    assert len(result) == 1
+    file = result[0]
+    assert file.exists()
+    assert file.is_file()
+
+
+def test_remote_csv_directory(remote_csv_directory):
+    import fsspec
+    from fsspec.implementations.memory import MemoryFileSystem
+
+    fs = fsspec.filesystem("s3")
+    assert isinstance(fs, MemoryFileSystem)
+
+    assert fs.exists("remote-bucket")
+    assert fs.isdir("remote-bucket")
+
+    files = fs.ls("remote-bucket", detail=True)
+
+    file_names = sorted(f["name"] for f in files if f["type"] == "file")
+    assert file_names == ["/remote-bucket/a.csv", "/remote-bucket/b.csv"]
+
+    dir_names = [f["name"] for f in files if f["type"] == "directory"]
+    assert "/remote-bucket/nested" in dir_names
+
+    nested_files = fs.ls("remote-bucket/nested", detail=True)
+    assert nested_files[0]["name"] == "/remote-bucket/nested/ignored.csv"
diff --git a/pandas/tests/io/test_fsspec.py b/pandas/tests/io/test_fsspec.py
index 2e3e74a9d31ff..1c6e497af5de6 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/io/test_fsspec.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/io/test_fsspec.py
@@ -342,13 +342,13 @@ def test_markdown_options(fsspectest):
     assert fsspectest.cat("testmem://mockfile")
 
 
-def test_non_fsspec_options():
+def test_non_fsspec_options(empty_local_file):
     pytest.importorskip("pyarrow")
     with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="storage_options"):
-        read_csv("localfile", storage_options={"a": True})
+        read_csv(empty_local_file, storage_options={"a": True})
     with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="storage_options"):
         # separate test for parquet, which has a different code path
-        read_parquet("localfile", storage_options={"a": True})
+        read_parquet(empty_local_file, storage_options={"a": True})
     by = io.BytesIO()
 
     with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="storage_options"):
diff --git a/web/pandas/static/img/books/pandas_cookbook_3.jpeg b/web/pandas/static/img/books/pandas_cookbook_3.jpeg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..cf1c27037de68
Binary files /dev/null and b/web/pandas/static/img/books/pandas_cookbook_3.jpeg differ