Fix: Add version-specific Docker tags

Implemented extraction of major, minor, and patch versions from tags. Updated the build-and-push step to push these specific version tags to the GitHub Container Registry.

Author: Christian Roessner

.github/workflows/docker-stable.yaml

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Extract tag versions
         id: extract_version
         run: |
-          tag=${GITHUB_REF##*/}  # gets the tag name, e.g., v1.2.3
+          tag=${GITHUB_REF##*/}
           major=$(echo $tag | cut -d'.' -f1)
           minor=$(echo $tag | cut -d'.' -f2)
           patch=$(echo $tag | cut -d'.' -f3)