signals

Signals

Use Signals to allow Widgets to communicate with each others.

• Lumino Signaling 101
• A simple HTML Button
• Subscribing to a Signal

Lumino Signaling 101

Communication between different components of JupyterLab is a key ingredient in building an extension.

In this extension, a simple HTML button will be added to print something to the console.

JupyterLab's Lumino engine uses the ISignal interface and the Signal class that implements this interface for communication (read more on the documentation page).

The basic concept is as follows:

First, a widget (ButtonWidget in button.ts), in this case the one that contains some visual elements such as a button, defines a _stateChanged signal:

// src/button.ts#L32-L32

private _stateChanged = new Signal<ButtonWidget, ICount>(this);

That private signal is exposed to other widgets via a public accessor method.

// src/button.ts#L34-L36

public get stateChanged(): ISignal<ButtonWidget, ICount> {
  return this._stateChanged;
}

Another widget, in this case the panel (SignalExamplePanel in panel.ts) that can box several different widgets, subscribes to the stateChanged signal and links a function to it:

// src/panel.ts#L33-L33

this._widget.stateChanged.connect(this._logMessage, this);

The _logMessage is executed when the signal is triggered from the first widget with:

// src/button.ts#L24-L24

this._stateChanged.emit(this._count);

Let's look at the implementations details.

A Simple HTML Button

Start with a file called src/button.ts.

NB: For a React widget, you can try the React Widget example for more details.

button.ts contains one class ButtonWidget that extends the Widget class provided by Lumino.

The constructor argument of the ButtonWidget class is assigned a default HTMLButtonElement node (e.g., <button></button>). The Widget's node property references its respective HTMLElement. For example, you can set the content of the button with this.node.textContent = 'Click me'.

// src/button.ts#L11-L11

constructor(options = { node: document.createElement('button') }) {

ButtonWidget also contains a private attribute _count of type ICount.

// src/button.ts#L28-L30

private _count: ICount = {
  clickCount: 0
};

ButtonWidget further contains a private variable _stateChanged of type Signal.

// src/button.ts#L32-L32

private _stateChanged = new Signal<ButtonWidget, ICount>(this);

A signal object can be triggered and then emits an actual signal.

Other Widgets can subscribe to such a signal and react when a message is emitted.

The button click event will increment the _count private attribute and will trigger the _stateChanged signal passing the _count variable.

// src/button.ts#L22-L25

this.node.addEventListener('click', () => {
  this._count.clickCount = this._count.clickCount + 1;
  this._stateChanged.emit(this._count);
});

Subscribing to a Signal

The panel.ts class defines an extension panel that displays the ButtonWidget widget and that subscribes to its stateChanged signal. This is done in the constructor.

// src/panel.ts#L19-L34

constructor(translator?: ITranslator) {
  super();
  this._translator = translator || nullTranslator;
  this._trans = this._translator.load('jupyterlab');
  this.addClass(PANEL_CLASS);

  //  This ensures the id of the DOM node is unique for each Panel instance.
  this.id = 'SignalExamplePanel_' + SignalExamplePanel._id++;

  this.title.label = this._trans.__('Signal Example View');
  this.title.closable = true;

  this._widget = new ButtonWidget();
  this.addWidget(this._widget);
  this._widget.stateChanged.connect(this._logMessage, this);
}

Subscription to a signal is done using the connect method of the stateChanged attribute.

// src/panel.ts#L33-L33

this._widget.stateChanged.connect(this._logMessage, this);

It registers the _logMessage function which is triggered when the signal is emitted.

Note

From the official JupyterLab Documentation:

Wherever possible a signal connection should be made with the pattern .connect(this._onFoo, this). Providing the this context enables the connection to be properly cleared by Signal.clearData(this). Using a private method avoids allocating a closure for each connection.

The _logMessage function receives as parameters the emitter (of type ButtonWidget) and the count (of type ICount) sent by the signal emitter.

// src/panel.ts#L36-L36

private _logMessage(emitter: ButtonWidget, count: ICount): void {

In our case, that function writes The big red button has been clicked ... times. text to the browser console and in an alert when the big red button is clicked.

// src/panel.ts#L36-L44

private _logMessage(emitter: ButtonWidget, count: ICount): void {
  console.log('Hey, a Signal has been received from', emitter);
  console.log(
    `The big red button has been clicked ${count.clickCount} times.`
  );
  window.alert(
    `The big red button has been clicked ${count.clickCount} times.`
  );
}

There it is. Signaling is conceptually important for building extensions.