diff --git a/docs/rules/no-error-ctor-with-notthrows.md b/docs/rules/no-error-ctor-with-notthrows.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..75202b0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/rules/no-error-ctor-with-notthrows.md
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# No specifying error type in `t.notThrows()`
+
+AVA will fail if error constructor is specified in the second argument of `t.notThrows()`.
+
+
+## Fail
+
+```js
+const test = require('ava');
+
+test('some test', t => {
+    t.notThrows(() => {
+        t.pass();
+    }, TypeError);
+});
+```
+
+
+## Pass
+
+```js
+const test = require('ava');
+
+test('some test', t => {
+    t.notThrows(() => {
+        t.pass();
+    });
+});
+
+test('some test', t => {
+    t.throws(() => {
+        t.pass();
+    }, TypeError);
+});
+```
diff --git a/index.js b/index.js
index 60669d41..3b834cb6 100644
--- a/index.js
+++ b/index.js
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ module.exports = {
 				'ava/no-async-fn-without-await': 'error',
 				'ava/no-cb-test': 'off',
 				'ava/no-duplicate-modifiers': 'error',
+				'ava/no-error-ctor-with-notthrows': 'error',
 				'ava/no-identical-title': 'error',
 				'ava/no-ignored-test-files': 'error',
 				'ava/no-import-test-files': 'error',
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index ecab1c50..a0ff5e95 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
 	"ava": {
 		"files": [
 			"!rules",
-			"test/*.js"
+			"test/*js"
 		]
 	},
 	"xo": {
diff --git a/readme.md b/readme.md
index 4a1e809e..61cc0cda 100644
--- a/readme.md
+++ b/readme.md
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ Configure it in `package.json`.
 			"ava/no-async-fn-without-await": "error",
 			"ava/no-cb-test": "off",
 			"ava/no-duplicate-modifiers": "error",
+			"ava/no-error-ctor-with-notthrows": "error",
 			"ava/no-identical-title": "error",
 			"ava/no-ignored-test-files": "error",
 			"ava/no-import-test-files": "error",
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ The rules will only activate in test files.
 - [no-async-fn-without-await](docs/rules/no-async-fn-without-await.md) - Ensure that async tests use `await`.
 - [no-cb-test](docs/rules/no-cb-test.md) - Ensure no `test.cb()` is used.
 - [no-duplicate-modifiers](docs/rules/no-duplicate-modifiers.md) - Ensure tests do not have duplicate modifiers.
+- [no-error-ctor-with-notthrows](docs/rules/no-error-ctor-with-notthrows.md) - No specifying error type in `t.notThrows()`.
 - [no-identical-title](docs/rules/no-identical-title.md) - Ensure no tests have the same title.
 - [no-ignored-test-files](docs/rules/no-ignored-test-files.md) - Ensure no tests are written in ignored files.
 - [no-import-test-files](docs/rules/no-import-test-files.md) - Ensure no test files are imported anywhere.
diff --git a/rules/no-error-ctor-with-notthrows.js b/rules/no-error-ctor-with-notthrows.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..00b9d7d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rules/no-error-ctor-with-notthrows.js
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+'use strict';
+const {visitIf} = require('enhance-visitors');
+const util = require('../util');
+const createAvaRule = require('../create-ava-rule');
+
+const create = context => {
+	const ava = createAvaRule();
+
+	return ava.merge({
+		CallExpression: visitIf([
+			ava.isInTestFile,
+			ava.isInTestNode
+		])(node => {
+			const functionArgIndex = node.arguments.length - 1;
+
+			if (typeof node.callee.property === 'undefined' || functionArgIndex !== 1 || node.callee.type !== 'MemberExpression' || node.arguments[1].type !== 'Identifier' || util.getNameOfRootNodeObject(node.callee) !== 't') {
+				return;
+			}
+
+			const calleeProperty = node.callee.property.name;
+			const functionArgName = node.arguments[1].name;
+			if (calleeProperty === 'notThrows' || calleeProperty === 'notThrowsAsync') {
+				if (functionArgName.endsWith('Error')) {
+					context.report({
+						node,
+						message: `Do not specify an error constructor in the second argument of \`t.${calleeProperty}()\``
+					});
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	});
+};
+
+module.exports = {
+	create,
+	meta: {
+		docs: {
+			url: util.getDocsUrl(__filename)
+		},
+		type: 'problem'
+	}
+};
diff --git a/test/no-error-ctor-with-notthrows.js b/test/no-error-ctor-with-notthrows.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..17453140
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/no-error-ctor-with-notthrows.js
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+import test from 'ava';
+import avaRuleTester from 'eslint-ava-rule-tester';
+import rule from '../rules/no-error-ctor-with-notthrows';
+
+const ruleTester = avaRuleTester(test, {
+	env: {
+		es6: true
+	},
+	parserOptions: {
+		ecmaVersion: 2019
+	}
+});
+
+const errors = [{ruleId: 'no-error-ctor-with-notthrows'}];
+
+const header = `const test = require('ava');\n`; // eslint-disable-line quotes
+
+ruleTester.run('no-error-ctor-with-notthrows', rule, {
+	valid: [
+		`${header}
+		test('some test',t => {
+			t.notThrows(() => {
+				t.pass();
+			});
+		});`,
+
+		`${header}
+		test(t => {
+			t.notThrows(() => {
+				t.pass();
+			});
+		});`,
+
+		`${header}
+		test(t => {
+			t.throws(() => {
+				t.pass();
+			}, TypeError);
+		});`,
+
+		`${header}
+		test(t => {
+			t.end(); })`,
+
+		`${header}
+		test('some test',t => {
+			t.notThrows(() => {
+				t.pass();
+			}, true);
+		});`,
+
+		`${header}
+		test('some test',t => {
+			t.notThrows(() => {
+				t.pass();
+			}, 'some string');
+		});`,
+
+		`${header}
+		test('some test',t => {
+			t.notThrows(() => {
+				t.pass();
+			}, {firstName:'some', lastName: 'object'});
+		});`,
+
+		`${header}
+		test('some test',t => {
+			t.notThrowsAsync(() => {
+				t.pass();
+			});
+		});`,
+
+		`${header}
+		test(t => {
+			t.notThrowsAsync(() => {
+				t.pass();
+			});
+		});`,
+
+		`${header}
+		test('some test',t => {
+			t.notThrowsAsync(() => {
+				t.pass();
+			}, {firstName:'some', lastName: 'object'});
+		});`,
+
+		`${header}
+		test('some test',t => {
+			notThrows(foo);
+		});`,
+
+		`${header}
+		test('some test',t => {
+			myCustomNotThrows.notThrows(foo);
+		});`,
+
+		`${header}
+		t.notThrows(() => {
+			t.pass();
+		}, void 0);`,
+
+		// Shouldn't be triggered since it's not a test file
+		`test('some test',t => {
+			t.notThrowsAsync(() => {
+				t.pass();
+			}, TypeError);
+		});`
+	],
+	invalid: [
+		{
+			code: `${header}
+			test(t => {
+				t.notThrows(() => {
+					t.pass();
+				}, TypeError);
+			});`,
+			errors
+		},
+		{
+			code: `${header}
+			test('some test',t => {
+				t.notThrows(() => {
+					t.pass();
+				}, TypeError);
+			});`,
+			errors
+		},
+		{
+			code: `${header}
+			test(t => {
+				t.notThrowsAsync(() => {
+					t.pass();
+				}, TypeError);
+			});`,
+			errors
+		},
+		{
+			code: `${header}
+			test('some test',t => {
+				t.notThrowsAsync(() => {
+					t.pass();
+				}, TypeError);
+			});`,
+			errors
+		},
+		{
+			code: `${header}
+			test('some test',t => {
+				t.notThrowsAsync(() => {
+					t.pass();
+				}, Error);
+			});`,
+			errors
+		},
+		{
+			code: `${header}
+			test('some test',t => {
+				t.notThrowsAsync(() => {
+					t.pass();
+				}, SyntaxError);
+			});`,
+			errors
+		},
+		{
+			code: `${header}
+			test('some test',t => {
+				t.notThrowsAsync(() => {
+					t.pass();
+				}, AssertionError);
+			});`,
+			errors
+		},
+		{
+			code: `${header}
+			test('some test',t => {
+				t.notThrowsAsync(() => {
+					t.pass();
+				}, ReferenceError);
+			});`,
+			errors
+		},
+		{
+			code: `${header}
+			test('some test',t => {
+				t.notThrowsAsync(() => {
+					t.pass();
+				}, RangeError);
+			});`,
+			errors
+		},
+		{
+			code: `${header}
+			test('some test',t => {
+				t.notThrowsAsync(() => {
+					t.pass();
+				}, SystemError);
+			});`,
+			errors
+		},
+		{
+			code: `${header}
+			test('some test',t => {
+				t.notThrowsAsync(() => {
+					t.pass();
+				}, $DOMError);
+			});`,
+			errors
+		}
+	]
+});