docs: add a table for data type conversion between arrow and iceberg types

[kevinjqliu]

Feature Request / Improvement

inspired by https://shubhamg2404.medium.com/the-bridge-between-pyarrow-and-pyiceberg-a-deep-dive-into-data-type-conversions-957c72f8dd9e

similar to https://trino.io/docs/current/connector/iceberg.html#iceberg-to-trino-type-mapping

the iceberg spec itself only specifies type mapping for avro, parquet, and orc. https://iceberg.apache.org/spec/#appendix-a-format-specific-requirements