[🐛 Bug]: UnreachableBrowserException: Error communicating with the remote browser. It may have died.

[prajaktak15]

What happened?

We are facing issue while executing serenity tests in selenium grid. Serenity version is v4.2.16 .
Tests are failing with below error intermittently.

UnreachableBrowserException: Error communicating with the remote browser. It may have died.

Experiencing issue with selenium version v4.28 onwards for both platforms Linux and Windows.

Command used to start Selenium Grid with Docker (or Kubernetes)

version: "3.0"
services:

 selenium-sec-chrome_Container1:
    environment:
      - SE_EVENT_BUS_HOST=<Hub_Server>
      - SE_EVENT_BUS_PUBLISH_PORT=<Pubilsh_Port>
      - SE_EVENT_BUS_SUBSCRIBE_PORT=<Subscribe_Port>
      - SE_NODE_HOST=<Node_Host>
      - SE_NODE_PORT=<Node_Port>
      - SE_NODE_MAX_SESSIONS=8
      - SE_NODE_OVERRIDE_MAX_SESSIONS=true
      - REMOTE_HOST=https://${HOSTNAME}:<Host>
      - SE_OPTS=--https-certificate /home/seluser/g4httpsgsg.pem --https-private-key /home/seluser/g4httpsgsg.key 
      - SE_NODE_SESSION_TIMEOUT=900
      - SE_DRAIN_AFTER_SESSION_COUNT=100
      - SE_NODE_GRID_URL=<Pubilsh_Port>
#   image: /node-chrome:4.28.1-20250202
#   image: /node-chrome:4.32.0-20250505
    image: /node-chrome:4.30.0-20250323
    privileged: true
#    logging:
#     driver: "none"
    shm_size: 8gb
    ports:
      - <Port>:<Port>
    restart: always
    volumes:
      - /dev/shm:/dev/shm
      - /opt/grid/cert:/home/seluser

Relevant log output

1. Node error log : Selnium v4.30

Driver info: driver.version: unknown
org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: Build info: version: '4.30.0', revision: '509c7f1'
System info: os.name: 'Linux', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '4.18.0-553.47.1.el8_10.x86_64', java.version: '21.0.6'
Driver info: driver.version: unknown
        at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.jdk.JdkHttpClient.execute(JdkHttpClient.java:419)
        at org.openqa.selenium.remote.tracing.TracedHttpClient.execute(TracedHttpClient.java:54)
        at org.openqa.selenium.grid.web.ReverseProxyHandler.execute(ReverseProxyHandler.java:91)
        at org.openqa.selenium.grid.node.DefaultActiveSession.execute(DefaultActiveSession.java:62)
        at org.openqa.selenium.grid.node.local.SessionSlot.execute(SessionSlot.java:130)
        at org.openqa.selenium.grid.node.local.LocalNode.executeWebDriverCommand(LocalNode.java:718)
        at org.openqa.selenium.grid.node.ForwardWebDriverCommand.execute(ForwardWebDriverCommand.java:48)
        at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Route$PredicatedRoute.handle(Route.java:397)
        at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Route.execute(Route.java:69)
        at org.openqa.selenium.remote.tracing.SpanWrappedHttpHandler.execute(SpanWrappedHttpHandler.java:87)
        at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Filter$1.execute(Filter.java:63)
        at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Route$CombinedRoute.handle(Route.java:360)
        at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Route.execute(Route.java:69)
        at org.openqa.selenium.grid.node.Node.execute(Node.java:286)
        at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Route$CombinedRoute.handle(Route.java:360)
        at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Route.execute(Route.java:69)
        at org.openqa.selenium.remote.AddWebDriverSpecHeaders.lambda$apply$0(AddWebDriverSpecHeaders.java:35)
        at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorFilter.lambda$apply$0(ErrorFilter.java:44)
        at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Filter$1.execute(Filter.java:63)
        at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorFilter.lambda$apply$0(ErrorFilter.java:44)
        at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Filter$1.execute(Filter.java:63)
        at org.openqa.selenium.netty.server.SeleniumHandler.lambda$channelRead0$0(SeleniumHandler.java:49)
        at java.base/java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:572)
        at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:317)
        at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1144)
        at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:642)
        at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:1583)
Caused by: java.lang.InterruptedException
        at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.reportGet(CompletableFuture.java:386)
        at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.get(CompletableFuture.java:2073)
        at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.jdk.JdkHttpClient.execute(JdkHttpClient.java:413)
        ... 26 more

2. Test Error Log :

org.openqa.selenium.remote.UnreachableBrowserException: Error communicating with the remote browser. It may have died.
Build info: version: '4.28.1', revision: '73f5ad48a2'
System info: os.name: 'Mac OS X', os.arch: 'aarch64', os.version: '14.7.5', java.version: '17.0.11'
Driver info: org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver
Command: [5206e5c379c7e2969c8257bd24bf086d, findElements [using, value]]

Operating System

Linux Redhat

Docker Selenium version (image tag)

4.30.0-20250323

Selenium Grid chart version (chart version)

No response

[github-actions]

@prajaktak15, thank you for creating this issue. We will troubleshoot it as soon as we can.

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Thank you!

[VietND96]

Can you unmount this volume? Or a specific cert in another dir, not $HOME
- /opt/grid/cert:/home/seluser
Since under $HOME (/home/seluser), there are a few directory used by browser to init profile, cache something under .cache.
If still not working, can you share the code snippet to create RemoteWebDriver with all browser args might set there

[prajaktak15]

Hello,

We are trying the given solution. Will share you results.

[prajaktak15]

Hello,

We tried the given solution, getting same error.
Step failed
org.openqa.selenium.remote.UnreachableBrowserException: Error communicating with the remote browser. It may have died.

code snippet to create RemoteWebDriver with all browser :

private void setBrowserCapabilities(MutableCapabilities capabilities) {
OS = OS != null ? OS : "ANY";
switch (gridAvailableBrowser) {
case "firefox" -> {
FirefoxOptions optionsFF = new FirefoxOptions();
optionsFF.addArguments("-headless");
optionsFF.addArguments("-private");
optionsFF.addPreference("dom.confirm_repost.testing.always_accept", true);
capabilities.setCapability(FirefoxOptions.FIREFOX_OPTIONS, optionsFF);
}
case "chrome" -> {
ChromeOptions optionsC = new ChromeOptions();
optionsC.setBrowserVersion("134.0");
optionsC.addArguments("--headless=new");
optionsC.addArguments("--incognito");
optionsC.addArguments("--window-size=1920,1080");
optionsC.addArguments("--remote-allow-origins=");
capabilities.setCapability(ChromeOptions.CAPABILITY, optionsC);
}
case "MicrosoftEdge" -> {
EdgeOptions optionsE = new EdgeOptions();
optionsE.addArguments("--headless=new");
optionsE.addArguments("--inprivate");
optionsE.addArguments("--window-size=1920,1080");
optionsE.addArguments("--remote-allow-origins=");
capabilities.setCapability(EdgeOptions.CAPABILITY, optionsE);
}
}
capabilities.setCapability(CapabilityType.PLATFORM_NAME, Platform.valueOf(OS));
capabilities.setCapability(CapabilityType.ACCEPT_INSECURE_CERTS, true);
capabilities.setCapability(CapabilityType.BROWSER_NAME, gridAvailableBrowser);
log.info("USING GRID MANAGER TO INSTANTIATE {} BROWSER on {}", gridAvailableBrowser.toUpperCase(), capabilities.getPlatformName().toString().toUpperCase());
}

Please let us know if you need more details.

Thank you.