Added reflection doc

Author: C-Stevens

doc/reflection.md

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+[<-- Return to index](../README.md)
+# Reflection
+
+### What reflection abilities are supported?
+#### PHP
+PHP will automatically use inspection at runtime to determine, for example, if an object being called has a particular method implemented, or that a particular object's method exists if it is being called. 
+#### Python
+Python has several inspection methods built natively into the language.  These include:
+  * [callable()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#callable): returns `True` if the provided object can be called.
+  * [type()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#type): returns the type of the object provided.
+  * [isinstance](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#isinstance): takes two objects as arguments, and will return `True` if the first object provided is an instance of the second.
+  * [dir](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#dir): returns a list of valid attributes for a provided object.
+  * [getattr()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#getattr): attempts to return the value of a provided attribute from a provided object
+
+### How is reflection used?
+#### PHP
+By use of a [`ReflectionClass`](https://secure.php.net/manual/en/class.reflectionclass.php) object. You may pass an object's name to an object of this type at creation time to allow inspection of various attributes or conditions of a class. For example, the following will provide a list of available methods for a class called `myClass`:
+```php
+<?php
+	class myClass {
+    	function foo() {
+        	print "Foo method";
+        }
+        function bar($baz) {
+            print "Bar method";
+        }
+    }
+    
+    $reflector = new ReflectionClass('myClass');
+    var_dump($reflector->getMethods());
+?>
+```
+will yield:
+```
+array(2) { 
+    [0]=> object(ReflectionMethod)#3 (2) {
+    	["name"]=> string(3) "foo" 
+        ["class"]=> string(7) "myClass" 
+    }
+    [1]=> object(ReflectionMethod)#4 (2) {
+    	["name"]=> string(3) "bar" 
+        ["class"]=> string(7) "myClass" 
+    }
+}
+```
+
+#### Python
+Various object details can be determined by using the above described and linked reflection method programmatically. For example, to see if an object is an instance of a given class:
+```python
+class myClass:
+	def foo(self):
+    	print("foo")
+
+a = myClass()
+
+>>>print(isInstance(a, myClass))
+True
+```