Yes, PHP natively includes functionality for creating abstract classes in a way familiar to Java. Like Java, any class that contains at least one abstract method must also be abstract itself.
Interfaces are not necessarily native to python as there is no need for them since Python supports multiple inheritances of objects. However, Python can still approximate abstract classes by inheriting from the Abstract Base Class (which Python calls ABC)
Abstract classes can define required methods as well as define common methods.
In Python, abstract methods can only declare what methods are required in the objects implementation by use of the @abstractmethod decorator. Other decorators not specifically designed for abstract methods can be used as well, but @abstractmethod must be the inner-most decorator.
Abstract classes can be defined in the following way:
<?php
abstract class myAbstractClass {
abstract protected function foo();
public function bar() { // Common method
print "Hello world"
}
}
?>And can be implemented in the following way (assuming the previously defined abstract class exists):
<?php
class myConcreteClass extends myAbstractClass {
protected function foo() {
print "This is my implementation of the foo method";
}
}
?>Abstract classes can be created in the following way (Note: the ABC class must be imported!) the following examples are based off of this documentation:
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
class myAbstractClass(ABC):
@abstractmethod
def foo(self):
passAnd abstract classes can be "implemented" in the following way (assuming the previously defined abstract class exists):
class myClass(myAbstractClass):
def foo(self):
print("This is my implementation of the foo method")If a class that inherits an abstract class is created and does not implement one of the abstract methods, a TypeError exception will be raised.