diff --git a/sdk/provisioning/Azure.Provisioning/src/BicepDictionaryOfT.cs b/sdk/provisioning/Azure.Provisioning/src/BicepDictionaryOfT.cs
index 50ffc87c725a..80f9e441d726 100644
--- a/sdk/provisioning/Azure.Provisioning/src/BicepDictionaryOfT.cs
+++ b/sdk/provisioning/Azure.Provisioning/src/BicepDictionaryOfT.cs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
 // Licensed under the MIT License.
 
+using System;
 using System.Collections;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.ComponentModel;
@@ -75,8 +76,26 @@ public static implicit operator BicepDictionary<T>(ProvisioningVariable referenc
     /// <returns>The value.</returns>
     public BicepValue<T> this[string key]
     {
-        get => _values[key];
-        set => _values[key] = value;
+        get
+        {
+            if (_isOutput)
+            {
+                return BicepSyntax.Index(_self!.GetReference(), BicepSyntax.Value(key));
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return _values[key];
+            }
+        }
+
+        set
+        {
+            if (_kind == BicepValueKind.Expression || _isOutput)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException($"Cannot assign to {_self?.PropertyName}");
+            }
+            _values[key] = value;
+        }
     }
 
     public void Add(string key, BicepValue<T> value) => _values.Add(key, value);
diff --git a/sdk/provisioning/Azure.Provisioning/src/BicepListOfT.cs b/sdk/provisioning/Azure.Provisioning/src/BicepListOfT.cs
index 0a177a379276..c8a018e6cfc6 100644
--- a/sdk/provisioning/Azure.Provisioning/src/BicepListOfT.cs
+++ b/sdk/provisioning/Azure.Provisioning/src/BicepListOfT.cs
@@ -89,6 +89,10 @@ public BicepValue<T> this[int index]
                 // can reference their members.
                 return _referenceFactory!(BicepSyntax.Index(_expression!, BicepSyntax.Value(index)));
             }
+            else if (_isOutput)
+            {
+                return BicepSyntax.Index(_self!.GetReference(), BicepSyntax.Value(index));
+            }
             else
             {
                 return _values[index];
diff --git a/sdk/provisioning/Azure.Provisioning/tests/BicepValues/BicepValueTests.cs b/sdk/provisioning/Azure.Provisioning/tests/BicepValues/BicepValueTests.cs
index 820391bd6fe2..3a6e90625bc1 100644
--- a/sdk/provisioning/Azure.Provisioning/tests/BicepValues/BicepValueTests.cs
+++ b/sdk/provisioning/Azure.Provisioning/tests/BicepValues/BicepValueTests.cs
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 // Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
 // Licensed under the MIT License.
 
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using Azure.Provisioning.Primitives;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 
 namespace Azure.Provisioning.Tests.BicepValues;
@@ -39,10 +42,136 @@ public void ValidateLiteralBicepValue()
         AssertExpression("-2147483647", new BicepValue<double>(-2147483647d));
         AssertExpression("-2147483648", new BicepValue<double>(-2147483648d));
         AssertExpression("json('-2147483649')", new BicepValue<double>(-2147483649d));
+    }
 
-        static void AssertExpression(string expected, BicepValue bicepValue)
+    [Test]
+    public void ValidateOutputArray()
+    {
+        var resource = new TestConstruct("test");
+        var expression = resource.Properties.Ports[0];
+        AssertExpression(
+            "test.properties.ports[0]",
+            expression
+            );
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void ValidateOutputDictionary()
+    {
+        var resource = new TestConstruct("test")
+        {
+            Properties = new()
+        };
+        var expression = resource.Properties.Endpoints["reference"];
+        AssertExpression(
+            "test.properties.endpoints['reference']",
+            expression
+            );
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void ValidateInputArray()
+    {
+        var resource = new TestConstruct("test")
+        {
+            Properties = new()
+            {
+                IpAddresses = ["192.168.1.1"]
+            }
+        };
+        var expression = resource.Properties.IpAddresses[0];
+        AssertExpression(
+            "'192.168.1.1'",
+            expression
+            );
+        Assert.Throws<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() =>
         {
-            Assert.AreEqual(expected, bicepValue.ToString());
+            var e = resource.Properties.IpAddresses[1];
+        });
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void ValidateInputDictionary()
+    {
+        var resource = new TestConstruct("test")
+        {
+            Properties = new()
+            {
+                Tags = new()
+                {
+                    ["foo"] = "bar"
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        var expression = resource.Properties.Tags["foo"];
+        AssertExpression(
+            "'bar'",
+            expression
+            );
+        Assert.Throws<KeyNotFoundException>(() =>
+        {
+            var t = resource.Properties.Tags["bar"];
+        });
+    }
+
+    private class TestConstruct : ProvisionableResource
+    {
+        protected override void DefineProvisionableProperties()
+        {
+            _properties = DefineModelProperty<TestProperties>("Properties", ["properties"]);
         }
+
+        public TestProperties Properties
+        {
+            get { Initialize(); return _properties!; }
+            set { Initialize(); AssignOrReplace(ref _properties, value); }
+        }
+        private TestProperties? _properties;
+
+        public TestConstruct(string bicepIdentifier, string? resourceVersion = null) : base(bicepIdentifier, "Microsoft.Tests/testResource", resourceVersion ?? "2025-05-27")
+        {
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class TestProperties : ProvisionableConstruct
+    {
+        protected override void DefineProvisionableProperties()
+        {
+            _ipAddresses = DefineListProperty<string>("IpAddresses", ["ipAddresses"]);
+            _tags = DefineDictionaryProperty<string>("Tags", ["tags"]);
+            _ports = DefineListProperty<string>("Ports", ["ports"], isOutput: true);
+            _endpoints = DefineDictionaryProperty<string>("Endpoints", ["endpoints"], isOutput: true);
+        }
+
+        public BicepList<string> IpAddresses
+        {
+            get { Initialize(); return _ipAddresses!; }
+            set { Initialize(); AssignOrReplace(ref _ipAddresses, value); }
+        }
+        private BicepList<string>? _ipAddresses;
+
+        public BicepDictionary<string> Tags
+        {
+            get { Initialize(); return _tags!; }
+            set { Initialize(); AssignOrReplace(ref _tags, value); }
+        }
+        private BicepDictionary<string>? _tags;
+
+        public BicepList<string> Ports
+        {
+            get { Initialize(); return _ports!; }
+        }
+        private BicepList<string>? _ports;
+
+        public BicepDictionary<string> Endpoints
+        {
+            get { Initialize(); return _endpoints!; }
+        }
+        private BicepDictionary<string>? _endpoints;
+    }
+
+    private static void AssertExpression(string expected, BicepValue bicepValue)
+    {
+        Assert.AreEqual(expected, bicepValue.ToString());
     }
 }