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0287-find-the-duplicate-number/README.md

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+<h2><a href="https://leetcode.com/problems/find-the-duplicate-number/">287. Find the Duplicate Number</a></h2><h3>Medium</h3><hr><div><p>Given an array of integers <code>nums</code> containing&nbsp;<code>n + 1</code> integers where each integer is in the range <code>[1, n]</code> inclusive.</p>
+
+<p>There is only <strong>one repeated number</strong> in <code>nums</code>, return <em>this&nbsp;repeated&nbsp;number</em>.</p>
+
+<p>You must solve the problem <strong>without</strong> modifying the array <code>nums</code>&nbsp;and uses only constant extra space.</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>
+
+<pre><strong>Input:</strong> nums = [1,3,4,2,2]
+<strong>Output:</strong> 2
+</pre>
+
+<p><strong class="example">Example 2:</strong></p>
+
+<pre><strong>Input:</strong> nums = [3,1,3,4,2]
+<strong>Output:</strong> 3
+</pre>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>
+
+<ul>
+	<li><code>1 &lt;= n &lt;= 10<sup>5</sup></code></li>
+	<li><code>nums.length == n + 1</code></li>
+	<li><code>1 &lt;= nums[i] &lt;= n</code></li>
+	<li>All the integers in <code>nums</code> appear only <strong>once</strong> except for <strong>precisely one integer</strong> which appears <strong>two or more</strong> times.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><b>Follow up:</b></p>
+
+<ul>
+	<li>How can we prove that at least one duplicate number must exist in <code>nums</code>?</li>
+	<li>Can you solve the problem in linear runtime complexity?</li>
+</ul>
+</div>